File Transfer Protocol - Wikipedia. The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is the standard network protocol used for the transfer of computer files between a client and server on a computer network. Option Description-c, --compile: Compile a.coffee script into a.js JavaScript file of the same name.-t, --transpile: Pipe the CoffeeScript compiler’s output. For most of us thinking of taking up a new workout routine, hobby, or side project, just getting started is often the biggest barrier to entry. What kind of gear do I. FTP is built on a client- server model architecture and uses separate control and data connections between the client and the server.[1] FTP users may authenticate themselves with a clear- text sign- in protocol, normally in the form of a username and password, but can connect anonymously if the server is configured to allow it.For secure transmission that protects the username and password, and encrypts the content, FTP is often secured with SSL/TLS (FTPS). on this page. Java Data Structures 2nd Edition - End of the World Production, LLC. Replace your annoying “Did you know?” factoids with even more annoying “Actually that’s fake” corrections. Wikipedia features a massive list of common. SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) is sometimes also used instead; it is technologically different. The first FTP client applications were command- line programs developed before operating systems had graphical user interfaces, and are still shipped with most Windows, Unix, and Linux operating systems.[2][3] Many FTP clients and automation utilities have since been developed for desktops, servers, mobile devices, and hardware, and FTP has been incorporated into productivity applications, such as web page editors. History of FTP server[edit]The original specification for the File Transfer Protocol was written by Abhay Bhushan and published as RFC 1. April 1. 97. 1. Until 1. FTP ran on NCP, the predecessor of TCP/IP.[2] The protocol was later replaced by a TCP/IP version, RFC 7. June 1. 98. 0) and RFC 9. October 1. 98. 5), the current specification. Several proposed standards amend RFC 9. RFC 1. 57. 9 (February 1. Firewall- Friendly FTP (passive mode), RFC 2. June 1. 99. 7) proposes security extensions, RFC 2. September 1. 99. 8) adds support for IPv. Protocol overview[edit]Communication and data transfer[edit]. Illustration of starting a passive connection using port 2. FTP may run in active or passive mode, which determines how the data connection is established.[5] In both cases, the client creates a TCP control connection from a random, usually an unprivileged, port N to the FTP server command port 2. In active mode, the client starts listening for incoming data connections from the server on port M. It sends the FTP command PORT M to inform the server on which port it is listening. The server then initiates a data channel to the client from its port 2. FTP server data port. In situations where the client is behind a firewall and unable to accept incoming TCP connections, passive mode may be used. In this mode, the client uses the control connection to send a PASV command to the server and then receives a server IP address and server port number from the server,[5][6] which the client then uses to open a data connection from an arbitrary client port to the server IP address and server port number received.[7]Both modes were updated in September 1. IPv. 6. Further changes were introduced to the passive mode at that time, updating it to extended passive mode.[8]The server responds over the control connection with three- digit status codes in ASCII with an optional text message. For example, "2. 00" (or "2. OK") means that the last command was successful. The numbers represent the code for the response and the optional text represents a human- readable explanation or request (e. Need account for storing file> ).[1] An ongoing transfer of file data over the data connection can be aborted using an interrupt message sent over the control connection. While transferring data over the network, four data representations can be used: [2][3][4]ASCII mode: Used for text. Data is converted, if needed, from the sending host's character representation to "8- bit ASCII" before transmission, and (again, if necessary) to the receiving host's character representation. As a consequence, this mode is inappropriate for files that contain data other than plain text. Image mode (commonly called Binary mode): The sending machine sends each file byte by byte, and the recipient stores the bytestream as it receives it. Image mode support has been recommended for all implementations of FTP). EBCDIC mode: Used for plain text between hosts using the EBCDIC character set. Local mode: Allows two computers with identical setups to send data in a proprietary format without the need to convert it to ASCII. For text files, different format control and record structure options are provided. These features were designed to facilitate files containing Telnet or ASA. Data transfer can be done in any of three modes: [1][2]Stream mode: Data is sent as a continuous stream, relieving FTP from doing any processing. Rather, all processing is left up to TCP. No End- of- file indicator is needed, unless the data is divided into records. Block mode: FTP breaks the data into several blocks (block header, byte count, and data field) and then passes it on to TCP.[4]Compressed mode: Data is compressed using a simple algorithm (usually run- length encoding). Some FTP software also implements a DEFLATE- based compressed mode, sometimes called "Mode Z" after the command that enables it. This mode was described in an Internet Draft, but not standardized.[9]FTP login uses normal username and password scheme for granting access.[2] The username is sent to the server using the USER command, and the password is sent using the PASS command.[2] This sequence is unencrypted "on the wire", so may be vulnerable to a network sniffing attack.[1. If the information provided by the client is accepted by the server, the server will send a greeting to the client and the session will commence.[2] If the server supports it, users may log in without providing login credentials, but the same server may authorize only limited access for such sessions.[2]Anonymous FTP[edit]A host that provides an FTP service may provide anonymous FTP access.[2] Users typically log into the service with an 'anonymous' (lower- case and case- sensitive in some FTP servers) account when prompted for user name. Although users are commonly asked to send their email address instead of a password,[3] no verification is actually performed on the supplied data.[1. Many FTP hosts whose purpose is to provide software updates will allow anonymous logins.[3]NAT and firewall traversal[edit]FTP normally transfers data by having the server connect back to the client, after the PORT command is sent by the client. This is problematic for both NATs and firewalls, which do not allow connections from the Internet towards internal hosts.[1. For NATs, an additional complication is that the representation of the IP addresses and port number in the PORT command refer to the internal host's IP address and port, rather than the public IP address and port of the NAT. There are two approaches to solve this problem. One is that the FTP client and FTP server use the PASV command, which causes the data connection to be established from the FTP client to the server.[1. This is widely used by modern FTP clients. Another approach is for the NAT to alter the values of the PORT command, using an application- level gateway for this purpose.[1. Differences from HTTP[edit]HTTP essentially fixes the bugs in FTP that made it inconvenient to use for many small ephemeral transfers as are typical in web pages. FTP has a stateful control connection which maintains a current working directory and other flags, and each transfer requires a secondary connection through which the data are transferred. In "passive" mode this secondary connection is from client to server, whereas in the default "active" mode this connection is from server to client. This apparent role reversal when in active mode, and random port numbers for all transfers, is why firewalls and NAT gateways have such a hard time with FTP. HTTP is stateless and multiplexes control and data over a single connection from client to server on well- known port numbers, which trivially passes through NAT gateways and is simple for firewalls to manage. Setting up an FTP control connection is quite slow due to the round- trip delays of sending all of the required commands and awaiting responses, so it is customary to bring up a control connection and hold it open for multiple file transfers rather than drop and re- establish the session afresh each time. In contrast, HTTP originally dropped the connection after each transfer because doing so was so cheap. While HTTP has subsequently gained the ability to reuse the TCP connection for multiple transfers, the conceptual model is still of independent requests rather than a session. List of file formats - Wikipedia. This is a list of file formats used by computers, organized by type. Filename extensions are usually noted in parentheses if they differ from the file format name or abbreviation. Many operating systems do not limit filenames to one extension shorter than 4 characters, as was common with some operating systems that supported the File Allocation Table (FAT) file system. Examples of operating systems that do not impose this limit include Unix- like systems, and Microsoft Windows. NT, 9. 5, 9. 8, and Me which have no three character limit on extensions for 3. Windows 9. 5 and Windows NT 3. FAT file system. Some filenames are given extensions longer than three characters. Some file formats may be listed twice or more. An example is the . Archive and compressed[edit]. A cabinet (. cab) file is a library of compressed files stored as one file. Cabinet files are used to organize installation files that are copied to the user's system.[1].? Q? – files compressed by the SQ program. Zip compressed file. AAC – Advanced Audio Codingace – ACE compressed file. ALZ – ALZip compressed file. APK – Applications installable on Android. AT3 – Sony's UMD data compression. Backup. Earth. com data compression. ARC – pre- Zip data compression. ARJ – ARJ compressed file. ASS (also SAS) – a subtitles file created by Aegisub, a video typesetting application (also a Halo game engine file)B – (B file) Similar to . BA – Scifer Archive (. Scifer External Archive Typebig – Special file compression format used by Electronic Arts to compress the data for many of EA's games. BIN – compressed archive, can be read and used by CD- ROMs and Java, extractable by 7- zip and WINRARBKF (. Microsoft backup created by NTBackup. Skyscraper Simulator Buildingc. JEDMICS image files, a DOD systemcab – Microsoft Cabinetcals – JEDMICS image files, a DOD system. CLIPFLAIR (. clipflair, . Clip. Flair Studio [1] component saved state file (contains component options in XML, extra/attached files and nested components' state in child . CPT, SEA – Compact Pro (Macintosh)DAA – Closed- format, Windows- only compressed disk imagedeb – Debian install package. DMG – an Apple compressed/encrypted format. DDZ – a file which can only be used by the "daydreamer engine" created by "fever- dreamer", a program similar to RAGS, it's mainly used to make somewhat short games. DPE – Package of AVE documents made with Aquafadas digital publishing tools. Alzip Egg Edition compressed file. EGT (. egt) – EGT Universal Document also used to create compressed cabinet files replaces . ECAB (. ECAB, . ezip) – EGT Compressed Folder used in advanced systems to compress entire system folders, replaced by EGT Universal Document. ESS (. ess) – EGT Smart. Sense File, detects files compressed using the EGT compression system. Flipchart file (. Used in Promethean. Activ. Inspire Flipchart Software. GHO (. gho, . ghs) – Norton Ghost. GIF (. gif) – Graphics Interchange Formatgzip (. Compressed file. IPG (. Format in which Apple Inc. Pod games. can be extracted through Winrarjar – ZIP file with manifest for use with Java applications. LBR (. Lawrence) – Lawrence Compiler Type file. LBR – Library file. LQR – LBR Library file compressed by the SQ program. LHA (. lzh) – Lempel, Ziv, Huffmanlzip (. Compressed filelzolzma. LZX (algorithm)MBW (. MBRWizard archive. Mc. META (Mc. META) – Used in Minecraft Resource Packs. MPQ Archives (. mpq) – Used by Blizzard games. BIN (. bin) – Mac. Binary. NTH (. nth) – Nokia Theme Used by Nokia. Series 4. 0 Cellphones. OSZ – osu! compressed beatmap archive. PAK – Enhanced type of . ARC archive. PAR (. Parchive. PAF (. paf) – Portable Application File. PYK (. pyk) – Compressed file. PK3 (. pk. 3) – Quake 3 archive (See note on Doom³)PK4 (. Doom³ archive (Opens similarly to a zip archive.)RAR (. Rar Archive, for multiple file archive (rar to . RAG, RAGS – Game file, a game playable in the RAGS game- engine, a free program which both allows people to create games, and play games, games created have the format "RAG game file"RPM – Red Hat package/installer for Fedora, RHEL, and similar systems. SEN – Scifer Archive (. Scifer Internal Archive Type. SIT (. sitx) – Stuff. It (Macintosh)SKB – Google Sketch. Up backup File. SZS – Nintendo U8 archive. TAR – group of files, packaged as one file. Microsoft Outlook Express Undisclosed Recipients In Mac here. TGZ (. tar. gz) – gzipped tar file.TB (. tb) – Tabbery Virtual Desktop Tab file. TIB (. tib) – Acronis True Image backup. UHA – Ultra High Archive Compression. UUE (. uue) – unified utility engine – the generic and default format for all things UUe- related. VIV – Archive format used to compress data for several video games, including Need For Speed: High Stakes. VOL – video game data package. VSA – Altiris Virtual Software Archive. WAX – Wavexpress – A ZIP alternative optimized for packages containing video, allowing multiple packaged files to be all- or- none delivered with near- instantaneous unpacking via NTFS file system manipulation. Z – Unixcompress filezoo – based on LZWzip – popular compression format. Physical recordable media archiving[edit]ISO – The generic format for most optical media, including CD- ROM, DVD- ROM, Blu- ray Disc, HD DVD and UMD. NRG – The proprietary optical media archive format used by Nero applications. IMG – For archiving DOS formatted floppy disks, larger optical media, and hard disk drives. ADF – Amiga Disk Format, for archiving Amiga floppy disks. ADZ – The GZip- compressed version of ADF. DMS – Disk Masher System, a disk- archiving system native to the Amiga. DSK – For archiving floppy disks from a number of other platforms, including the ZX Spectrum and Amstrad CPC. D6. 4 – An archive of a Commodore 6. SDI – System Deployment Image, used for archiving and providing "virtual disk" functionality. MDS – DAEMON tools native disc image format used for making images from optical CD- ROM, DVD- ROM, HD DVD or Blu- ray Disc. It comes together with MDF file and can be mounted with DAEMON Tools. MDX – New DAEMON Tools format that allows getting one MDX disc image file instead of two (MDF and MDS). DMG – Macintosh disk image files(MPEG- 1 is found in a . DAT file on a video CD.)CDI – Disc. Juggler image file.CUE – CDRWrite CUE image file. Bitdefender Total Security 2013 32 Bit Crack Till 2045 Initiative . CIF – Easy CD Creator . C2. D – Roxio- Win. On. CD . c. 2d format. DAA – Power. ISO . B6. T – Blind. Write 5/6 image file. Ceramics glaze recipes[edit]File formats for software, databases, and websites used by potters and ceramic artists to manage glaze recipes, glaze chemistry, etc. Glaze. Chem text format [2]Glaze. Master . tab xml (Glaze. Master software)[3][4][5]Hyper. Glaze . hgz (Hyper. Glaze software) [6][7][8]Insight . Digital. Fire Insight software)[9][1. Insight . rcp (deprecated, Digital. Fire Insight software)[1. Insight . rcx (deprecated, Digital. Fire Insight software)[1. Matrix [1. 3][1. 4]Computer- aided Design[edit]Computer- aided is a prefix for several categories of tools (e. Computer- aided design (CAD)[edit]Computer- aided design (CAD) software assists engineers, architects and other design professionals in project design. DXML – Dassault Systemes graphic representation. MF – Microsoft 3. D Manufacturing Format[2]ACP – VA Software VA – Virtual Architecture CAD file. AMF – Additive Manufacturing File Format. AEC – Data. CAD drawing format[3]AR – Ashlar- Vellum Argon – 3. D Modeling. ART – Art. CAM model. ASC – BRL- CAD Geometry File (old ASCII format)ASM – Solidedge Assembly, Pro/ENGINEER Assembly. BIN, BIM – Data Design System DDS- CADBREP – Open CASCADE 3. D model (shape)C3. D - C3. D Toolkit File Format. CCC – Copy. CAD Curves. CCM – Copy. CAD Model. CCS – Copy. CAD Session. CAD – Cad. Std. CATDrawing – CATIA V5 Drawing document. CATPart – CATIA V5 Part document. CATProduct – CATIA V5 Assembly document. CATProcess – CATIA V5 Manufacturing documentcgr – CATIA V5 graphic representation fileckd – Key. Creator CAD Modelingckt – Key. Creator CAD Modeling. CO – Ashlar- Vellum Cobalt – parametric drafting and 3. D modeling. DRW – Caddie Early version of Caddie drawing – Prior to Caddie changing to DWGDFT – Solidedge Draft. DGN – Micro. Station design file. DGK – Delcam Geometry. DMT – Delcam Machining Triangles. DXF – ASCII Drawing Interchange file format, Auto. CADDWB – Vari. CAD drawing file. DWF – Autodesk's Web Design Format; Auto. CAD & Revit can publish to this format; similar in concept to PDF files; Autodesk Design Review is the reader. DWG – Auto. CAD and Open Design Alliance applications, Autodesk Inventor Drawing file. EASM – Solid. Works e. Drawings assembly file. EDRW – e. Drawings drawing file.
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